SPEECH ERRORS IN THE 2008 U.S. PRESIDENTIAL DEBATES

HIDAYAT, AGUNG SEPTIAN (2010) SPEECH ERRORS IN THE 2008 U.S. PRESIDENTIAL DEBATES. Skripsi thesis, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta .

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Abstract

This research paper is aimed to give a description of speech error phenomena which occur in the 2008 U.S. presidential debate. This research is to find out the types of speech error, the frequency of speech errors describes the sources of speech error and the frequency of the sources in those debates. This reseach is intended to help the reders comprehend speech error phenomenon so that they are careful in producing language. The type of the research is qualitative. The writer downloads the transcripts of 2008 U.S. presidential debates as the source of data. The data are 968 utterances containing speech errors made by the the Barack Obama and John Mc. Cain. The researcher analyzes the data based on psycholinguistic approach. From the data analysis, the researcher finds all types of speech error based on the theory of Clark and Clark and other psycholinguists. The researcher identifies 11 speech errors uttered by Barack Obama and John Mc. Cain with the frequencies as follows: silent pause (213 or 36.9%,136 or 34.78% ), filled pause (198 or 34.3%, 70 or 17.90%), repeat (45 or 7.8%, 83 or 21.23%), false start unretraced (10 or 1.74%, 20 or 5.12%), false start retraced (5 or 0.90%, 3 or 077%), correction (6 or 1.04%, 19 or 4.86%), interjections (10 or 1.73%, 8 or 2.05%), stutters (72 or 12.47, 40 or 10.23%), selections error (15 or 2.60%, 7 or 1.74%), blends (3 or 0.52%, 4 or 1.02%), anticipation ( 1 or 0.25%). In the mean time, the researcher finds some sources that cause speech errors. The first source are planning difficulty, those are cognitive, anxiety and social reason. The second source are the result of gross difficulties of the speaker to plan and execute speech at the same time and the result of more localized difficulties speakers have in forming the articulatory program to guide the articulatory muscles in the production of sounds. The researcher also inditifies the frequency of sources of speech error as follows: the frequency caused by sources of planning difficulty is about 14.11% and frequency caused by sources of speech error is about 85.89% There are many speech errors committed by Barack Obama and John Mc. Cain in the 2008 U.S. presidential debates which caused by certain aspects. It means that speech error is commonly committed by people either native or non-native speakers.

Item Type:	Karya ilmiah (Skripsi)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Psycholinguistics, Speech Production, Speech Error
Subjects:	L Education > L Education (General)
Divisions:	Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan > Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris
Depositing User:	Users 1504 not found.
Date Deposited:	07 Aug 2010 05:11
Last Modified:	14 Nov 2010 19:57
URI:	http://eprints.ums.ac.id/id/eprint/8230

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